ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal November 2025 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1967 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal November 2025 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 49 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal November 2025 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 111009 KB |
| Title: | Learning the Basic Physics of Electromagnetic Radiation Through Computational Modeling |
| Abstract: | While electromagnetics (EMs) may be perceived to be a mathematically intensive subject, the following discussion demonstrates that many important education-related aspects of EM radiation can be “discovered” through computational modeling. The goal here is to demonstrate an intuitive learning environment that reveals important features of EM physics to incentivise a desire to learn about the underlying mathematics on which the computer model is based. The idea is that seeing the fascinating details that the equations produce prior to confronting the possibly intimidating background mathematics can be a more productive and enjoyable exercise. |
| Author(s): | E. K. Miller |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4860 KB |
| Title: | Distributed Heterogeneous Conformal Meter-Wave Phased Array Using Characteristic Mode for Airship Platform |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an advanced characteristic mode (CM)-based synthesis and optimization framework for designing conformal meter-wave phased array antennas on airship platforms. Unlike previous studies that focused on planar or small UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surfaces, this work extends CM analysis to a large-scale, irregular, fully metallic airship structure in the low-frequency band. The CMs of the airship body are analyzed to extract dominant modal currents and field distributions. To achieve controllable beam scanning and polarization characteristics, a decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA/D) is integrated with the modal synthesis process, enabling physics-informed optimization of co-/cross-polarization energy and sidelobe level. Guided by the synthesized modal currents, distributed heterogeneous coupling elements (CEs) are conformally arranged on the platform. The fabricated 1:40 scale model demonstrates a ±60° beam scanning range and a measured gain exceeding 10 dBi with over 80% radiation efficiency, in good agreement with simulations. The proposed method bridges CM theory and practical conformal array realization, providing a generalized approach for large-scale, platform-integrated antenna design. |
| Author(s): | Y. Feng, Z. Yang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 10338 KB |
| Title: | A Multi-GPU Accelerated DGTD Method for Solving Electrically Large-Scale Problems |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we proposed a multiple graphics processing units (GPU) platform accelerated discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method for solving electrically large-scale problems. Rather than simply porting the code to a GPU, we proposed a cache optimization strategy tailored to the GPU architecture. Furthermore, by grouping and reordering the elements and employing asynchronous techniques, we achieve a linear speedup ratio when scaling across multiple GPUs. The numerical examples not only validate accuracy of the proposed method, but also demonstrate excellent performance, achieving up to 40 times speedup even compared to parallelism CPU implementations. |
| Author(s): | Z. Shen, L. Zhao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 6749 KB |
| Title: | Grey Wolf Optimization for Uplink Power Control in User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO |
| Abstract: | User-Centric Cell-Free Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (UC-CFmMIMO) is a promising architecture for B5G networks, offering improved spectral efficiency (SE) and fairness by enabling joint transmission from distributed access points. However, uplink power control remains challenging due to interuser interference and the decentralized network structure. This paper introduces a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)-based uplink power control scheme tailored for UC-CFmMIMO, targeting two practical objectives: maximizing sum SE and enhancing user fairness. Inspired by the hunting behavior of grey wolves, the proposed algorithm efficiently navigates the non-convex solution space without relying on convex assumptions. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves fairness among users (e.g., achieving 3.39-bit/s/Hz at a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of 0.1) while maintaining high throughput performance (e.g., 118.99-bit/s/Hz at a CDF of 0.5). Moreover, the algorithm exhibits excellent scalability and computational efficiency, making it a practical and effective solution for large-scale B5G deployments. |
| Author(s): | N. V. Cuong, H. M. Kha, T. V. Luyen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4743 KB |
| Title: | Optimized Design of Shielding Structure for High Offset Tolerance WPT System Based on Fused Uncertainty Surrogate Model |
| Abstract: | In the practical application of wireless power transfer (WPT), an offset between the coupling mechanisms can lead to an increase in harmful leakage of magnetic fields around the system and a decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer. In this paper, we propose to use the uncertainty quantitative surrogate model to guide optimal design of the shielding structure in order to reduce the leakage magnetic field and improve energy transfer efficiency, taking into account the positional offsets of the WPT system in use. In this paper, the uncertainty of the leakage magnetic field and the energy transfer efficiency of the WPT system is quantified based on the improved Transformer surrogate model of the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network, and computational time cost is reduced by 90.97%. The multi-objective exponential distribution optimizer is combined with a surrogate model to obtain the robust optimal structure under the influence of bias. Finally, it is experimentally verified that the robust optimal structure is able to maintain both low leakage magnetic field and high energy transfer efficiency under the influence of offset. Compared with the traditional deterministic optimal structure, the mean of the energy transfer efficiency of the robust optimal structure is increased by 4.95%, and the probability of overrun is reduced to 0. Experiments demonstrate that the robust structure can improve the offset tolerance of the system more effectively and ensure the electromagnetic safety of users at the same time. |
| Author(s): | T. H. Wang, K. F. Zhao, H. W. Duan, G. Lv, Q. Y. Yu, S. S. Guan |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 17204 KB |
| Title: | Large Angle Electronically Controlled Beam Scanning Antenna Based on Liquid Crystal |
| Abstract: | In this paper we propose a miniaturized large-angle beam scanning phased array antenna using liquid crystal. We innovatively combine the liquid crystal electrically tunable structure with the wide-beam antenna element structure and design an integrated multi-layer antenna structure which realizes large-angle beam scanning within the working bandwidth. The problems of low beam control accuracy and narrow scanning angle of traditional array antenna are effectively addressed. The overall dimensions of the prototype are 74×60×4 mm. Based on the test results of the prototype the gain has reached 20.2 dBi at 27 GHz and the scanning angle was greater than ±60°. |
| Author(s): | W. Hu, D. Jiang, J. Zhao, C. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, B. Yan, C. Xu, G. Wang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 22826 KB |
| Title: | A Miniaturized Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna With Broadband and Flexible Frequency Ratio |
| Abstract: | A dual-band circularly polarized antenna with AR (Axial Ratio) bandwidth enhanced using parasitic strips and triangle notches is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna comes with a size of 53 × 53 × 3.813 mm (0.64λg × 0.64λg × 0.046λg at 2.45 GHz), which is composed of two layers of substrate and three layers of metallic patterns. With the introduction of parasitic strips on the top metallic layer and etched triangles on the ground plane, this antenna exhibits dual-band circularly polarized character. A flexible frequency ratio from 1.57 to 2.01 could be obtained by changing the size of the triangle notches. Simulations and measurements verified that the proposed antenna shows relative S11<-10 dB bandwidth of 36.6% (2.23–3.25 GHz) and 51.3% (3.58–6.05 GHz), relative AR<3 dB bandwidth of 17.6% (2.32–2.77 GHz) and 11.1% (4.65–5.30 GHz), peak gains of 4.45 dBic and 6.24 dBic, respectively. This antenna is a good candidate for the 2.45 GHz communication band and the 5G sub-6 NR band applications. |
| Author(s): | Y. Mao, D. Li, Y. Shen, A. Z. Elsherbeni, S. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 15196 KB |
| Title: | An Analytical Method for Shielding Effectiveness of Complex Metallic Cavities Based on the BLT Equation |
| Abstract: | A hybrid analytical method integrating the equivalent circuit method, electromagnetic topology theory, and the generalized BLT (Baum-Liu-Tesche) equation is proposed. This method systematically incorporates plane-wave incidence-angle effects and lossy conducting material properties and is further extended to heterogeneous configurations such as stepped cavities and series-parallel hybrid cascaded three-layer cavities, thus enabling rapid yet accurate assessment of both the shielding effectiveness (SE) and resonant behavior in complex metallic cavities. First, a model based on equivalent circuit theory is established. Next, a corresponding signal flow graph is established using electromagnetic topology theory, after which the generalized BLT equation is derived to compute the SE. Comparisons with CST full-wave simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in computational efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. It effectively accommodates arbitrarily eccentric apertures, aperture arrays, and arbitrary observation points, and can rapidly and accurately predict the SE and higher-order resonant frequencies, even at elevated frequencies. This work provides a simple and efficient analytical method for analyzing the SE of various heterogeneous and complex metallic cavities. |
| Author(s): | A.-G. Gao, D.-Z. Yu, Y.-J. Du, H.-X. Huang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 24011 KB |
| Title: | Testing and Remote Communication of S-Parameters for Biomedical Applications Using Miniature VNA Hardware |
| Abstract: | Remote sensing of lactate is important in both healthcare settings and monitoring athlete's performance. Many approaches for noninvasive remote sensing of lactate use on-body resonator circuits that measure changes in S-parameters to determine lactate concentration. However, due to their large size, most commercial vector network analyzers (VNAs) are impractical for taking on-body measurements of moving participants. This paper presents an approach that uses smaller, hobbyist, VNAs to create practical on-body measurement systems. |
| Author(s): | K. Y. Hora, L. Elmiladi, A. Z. Elsherbeni, P. H. Aaen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3291 KB |
| Title: | High-Frequency Performance Analysis and Verification of Twinax Cable Structures |
| Abstract: | The most commonly used cables in device-to-device communication, such as USB, HDMI, DP, or PCI-e cables, as well as the MCIO cables currently used in artificial intelligence (AI) servers, has a differential Twinax configuration. The use of differential transmission aims to mitigate the impact of external interference. The Twinax structure consisted of a twin-core cable with an outer copper foil shielding. Achieving perfect symmetry in the Twinax cable is a challenge. This work investigated whether the asymmetrical structure and material impacted the production yield rate. The focus was on the mixed-mode analysis of the asymmetric Twinax cable. By utilizing mixed-mode S-parameters, we aimed to determine whether the cable designs met industry standards and complied with data rate requirements. Due to intense market competition and short development cycles, 3D full-wave simulations were time-consuming because of the high mesh count. Moreover, modeling was challenging because the center of each segment of an actual cable underwent slight variations. To expedite the design process, a method was developed to extract Twinax cable RLGC (Resistance, Inductance, Conductance, Capacitance) parameters, calculate mixed-mode S-parameters, and perform analysis and evaluations. Our approach not only enables efficient signal quality assessment across cables of varying lengths by simply connecting each small segment to account for continuous manufacturing variations but also significantly reduces product development time to under one hour. Furthermore, this work investigated the impact of common manufacturing imperfections, ensuring robust and reliable designs for real-world applications. |
| Author(s): | W.-H. Tsai, D.-B. Lin, C.-H. Ho, T.-F. Tseng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 11 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2442 KB |