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| Title: | ACES Journal March 2024 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1968 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal March 2024 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 355 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal March 2024 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 23118 KB |
| Title: | Women’s History Month Special Article: Interview with Professor Mahta Moghaddam |
| Abstract: | March marks Women’s History Month, and March 8th is celebrated as International Women’s Day. In this Special Article, Sima Noghanian interviews Mahta Mogaddam, renowned scholar in applied and computational electromagnetics. |
| Author(s): | S. Noghanian |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1449 KB |
| Title: | Special Issue Preface |
| Abstract: | Welcome to the special issue of the Journal of the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES). Most of the papers included here are extended versions of ones presented at the ACES-2023 conference (Monterey, California, April 2023). In recent years ACES has broadened its focus from “traditional” engineering electromagnetics to include optics and photonics, materials science, high performance computing, and lately machine learning and quantum computing. Papers now range from scientific theoretical and mathematical to engineering applications and device design. The contents of this special issue mirror this trend. New computational methodologies are introduced in “A Path Integral Representation Model to Extend the Analytical Capability of the Nonstandard Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method” (ACES-2023, paper 22727); A Simple, Method of Moments Solution for the Integral Equations for Multiple Dielectric Bodies of Arbitrary Shape in Time Domain (ACES-2023, paper 23087); “Nonstandard Finite Difference Time Domain Methodology to Simulate Light Propagation in Nonlinear Materials” (ACES-2023, paper 23363). On the other hand Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of 3D-Printed W-Band Reflector Fresnel Lens Antenna Based on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Plastic (ACES-2023, paper 23497); Reconfigurable multifunctional transmission metasurface polarizer integrated with PIN diodes working at an identical frequency band (ACES-2023, paper 2831) use computational methods as a tool to design practical devices. Finally Impact Evaluation of an External Point Source to a Generalized Model of the Human Neck (ACES-2023, paper 23499) develops a model for medical applications. The diversity of ACES conferences and their inclusiveness foster crosstalk between academic researchers and scientists in corporate and government laboratories, and in the broader engineering community to create an environment that incubates new ideas and collaborations. We hope that this special issue will encourage you, the reader, to contribute your own results to future ACES conferences or publish them in the ACES journal or special issues such as this. Prof. Yasushi Kanai, Dr. James B. Cole, and Dr. Saswatee Banerjee, editors. June 2024 |
| Author(s): | Y. Kanai, J. B. Cole, S. Banerjee |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 36 KB |
| Title: | Nonstandard Finite Difference Time Domain Methodology to Simulate Light Propagation in Nonlinear Materials |
| Abstract: | We extend the nonstandard (NS) finite difference time domain (FDTD) methodology, originally developed to solve Maxwell’s equations in linear materials, to nonlinear ones. We validate it by computing harmonics generation in a nonlinear dielectric and comparing with theory. The methodology also applies to the quantum electrodynamics that describes the interaction of charged particles with electromagnetic fields, and also to the Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity. |
| Author(s): | J. B. Cole |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2486 KB |
| Title: | A Path Integral Representation Model to Extend the Analytical Capability of the Nonstandard Finite-difference Time-domain Method |
| Abstract: | The nonstandard finite-difference timedomain (NS-FDTD) method is a powerful tool for solving Maxwell’s equations in their differential form on orthogonal grids. Nonetheless, to precisely treat arbitrarily shaped objects, very fine lattices should be employed, which often lead to unduly computational requirements. Evidently, such an issue hinders the applicability of the technique in realistic problems. For its alleviation, a new path integral (PI) representation model, equivalent to the NS-FDTD concept, is introduced. The proposed model uses a pair of basic and complementary path integrals for the H-nodes. To guarantee the same accuracy and stability as the NS-FDTD method, the two path integrals are combined via optimization parameters, derived from the corresponding NS-FDTD formulae. Since in the PI model, E-field computations on the complementary path are not necessary, the complexity is greatly reduced. Numerical results from various real-world problems prove that the proposed method improves notably the efficiency of the NS-FDTD scheme, even on coarse orthogonal meshes. |
| Author(s): | T. Ohtani, Y. Kanai, N. V. Kantartzis |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4515 KB |
| Title: | A Simple, Method of Moments Solution for the Integral Equations for Multiple Dielectric Bodies of Arbitrary Shape in Time Domain |
| Abstract: | In this work, we present a straightforward and simple method of moments (MOM) solution procedure, with minimum mathematical manipulations, to solve the coupled integral equations for multiple, homogeneous and inhomogeneous, dielectric bodies of arbitrary shape directly in the time domain. The standard surface and volume integral equation formulations are used for homogeneous and inhomogeneous bodies, respectively. The numerical solution procedure does not involve a time-marching process as is usually adopted for time domain problems and seems to be one of the primary reasons for the late-time instabilities as a result of error accumulation. The present solution method is stable for a very long time as evidenced by several representative numerical examples presented for validation. |
| Author(s): | S. M. Rao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1160 KB |
| Title: | Impact Evaluation of an External Point Source to a Generalized Model of the Human Neck |
| Abstract: | A methodical approach for assessing the effects of an external point source to a non-spherical model of the human neck is presented in this paper. The neck model consists of multilayered spheres to represent the skin, fat, muscle tissues, thyroid, and esophagus. The novel geometry enables the formulation of dyadic Green’s functions to accurately calculate the electric fields, considering the suitable surface boundary conditions and the superposition principle. Numerical outcomes for a Hertz dipole (i.e., a wireless network antenna) at the frequency of 2.4 GHz certify the benefits of the technique and elaborately describe the responsiveness of the neck/thyroid to the selected source. |
| Author(s): | A. A. Varvari, D. I. Karatzidis, T. Ohtani, Y. Kanai, N. V. Kantartzis |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4244 KB |
| Title: | Reconfigurable Multifunctional Transmission Metasurface Polarizer Integrated with PIN Diodes Operating at Identical Frequencies |
| Abstract: | Herein, a reconfigurable multifunctional transmission metasurface polarizer, structured with double Jerusalem crosses and integrated with four PIN diodes, is presented. The bottom Jerusalem cross is rotated by 35° with respect to the top cross. Both numerical and experimental observations reveal that a linearly polarized (LP) outgoing wave is transmitted at approximately 4.0 GHz when subjected to a lefthanded circularly polarized (LCP) or right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) incident wave. The transmission efficiency reaches -2.5 dB when all elements are in the ON state. Furthermore, active control of switchable PIN diodes operating in various statuses unequivocally demonstrates the ability to convert an incident wave polarized in the x or y direction to a LCP or RCP wave, respectively, within the identical frequency band, spanning from 3.6 GHz to 4.3 GHz. This conversion is achieved with a transmission coefficient of -3.5 dB or -4.2 dB at the peak frequency. The proposed metasurface polarizer presents a potentially dynamic method for simultaneously manipulating various polarization conversions of electromagnetic (EM) waves within a desired frequency band. |
| Author(s): | J. Lin, D. Li, W. Yu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4382 KB |
| Title: | Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of 3D-Printed W-Band Reflective Fresnel Lens Antenna based on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Plastic |
| Abstract: | To improve the design of the 3D-printed W-band reflective Fresnel lens antenna based on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic, we have examined the parameter sensitivity related to the dielectric material constant. Although we have developed a highgain millimeter-wave reflective Fresnel lens antenna, the material constant of the ABS filament used in 3D printing needs further investigation to optimize antenna performance. First, a 150-mm-diameter W-band reflector Fresnel antenna is designed and analyzed using finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) analysis. The analyzed and measured maximum antenna gains are 33.3 and 32.4 dBi, respectively. Subsequent sensitivity analysis focused on the impact of the loss tangent, relative dielectric constant, and folding length of the lens, based on both FDTD analysis and measurements. |
| Author(s): | S. Futatsumori |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 674 KB |
| Title: | An Efficient MLFMA for Accurately Analyzing Electromagnetic Radiation and Coupling Characteristics of Large-scale Antenna Arrays Mounted on Platform |
| Abstract: | A multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) for analyzing electromagnetic radiation and coupling characteristics of large-scale antenna arrays mounted on the platforms is presented in this paper. Compared with the method of moments (MoM), the MLFMA can be used to calculate larger scale problems with limited resources. First, waveport model of the MLFMA based on the equivalence principle and mode matching theory is established to efficiently and accurately simulate the antenna array. Then, a preconditioning approach for solving the radiation problems with the waveports is designed to improve convergence of the MLFMA. An initial guess construction method is proposed to accelerate the MLFMA computation for the multi-excitation problems, which can reduce the iteration time by at least 50%. Numerical results demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. |
| Author(s): | L. Yin, N. Ding, P. Hou, Z. Lin, X. Zhao, S. Jiang, Y. Jiao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2018 KB |
| Title: | Wideband Simultaneous Dual Circularly Polarized Phased Array Subarray with Scalable Characteristics for Satellite Communications |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a budget-friendly, highly integrated, and low-profile wideband simultaneous dual circularly polarized phased array subarray with scalable characteristics for satellite communications. In order to achieve wideband, the antenna unit is not only fed by double-fed point probe contact, but also by electromagnetic coupling. Moreover, the dual circularly polarized radiation of the antenna unit is realized by a miniaturized 3 dB bridge-type phase-shift network. In addition, the phased array subarray uses metalized vias to reduce inter-element crosstalk, which effectively improves the active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and beam steering characteristics. Also, the subarray has interchangeability and versatility, enabling convenient twodimensional expansion to form a tile-type phased array antenna. Besides, the phased array subarray can be used to achieve two-dimensional ±40° beam scanning in both the azimuth and elevation planes. Within ±40° beam scanning, the active VSWR of the subarray is less than 2.5 in 9.55 - 14.35 GHz (40.17%). At 12.1 GHz, the twodimensional gain decreases by less than 2.1 dB and 1.95 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna exhibits good performance in terms of matching and beam steering characteristics, which make it suitable for use in future 5G/6G phased array antenna systems. |
| Author(s): | Y. Zhang, J. Chen, X. Li, R. Yang, Q. Zhao, X. Song, W. Zhou |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 7148 KB |
| Title: | A Dual Circularly Polarized Ultrawideband Rectenna with High Efficiency for Wireless Energy Harvesting |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an ultrawideband dual circularly polarized (CP) rectenna for wireless energy harvesting (WEH) applications. It is mainly composed of a dual CP antenna and an ultrawideband rectifier. The receiving antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and it has two input ports. The proposed ultrawideband rectifier has a two-cascaded voltage doubler configuration. This configuration means the proposed rectifier’s input impedance has less sensitivity to frequency variation. Thus, a wide bandwidth can be achieved. For validation, a prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the proposed rectenna is from 1.35 to 3.10 GHz (for AR <3 dB). In this frequency range, the rectenna’s power conversion efficiency (PCE) is higher than 55%. These results indicate that the proposed rectenna is highly efficient and suitable for wideband high-efficiency WEH systems. |
| Author(s): | J. Liu, J. Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1432 KB |
| Title: | Wideband Low-Profile Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna with Metasurface |
| Abstract: | A novel Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna with metasurface is presented, which can achieve broad bandwidth and low profile. Traditional FPC antennas, with rectangular microstrip antennas as feeds, have limited impedance bandwidth and struggle to make a compromise in the gain bandwidth and maximum gain value. To obtain wide bandwidth, the FPC antenna proposed in this paper utilizes a feed antenna loaded with parasitic patches. To widen impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth and reduce the profile, a positive phase gradient partially reflective surface (PRS) and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) are located above and below the feed antenna, respectively. The phase property of the PRS and AMC also brings in a more smooth gain value curve. To further increase gain values, four metal reflector plates are located around the proposed antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna is 2.5λ0×2.5λ0×0.25λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 7.5 GHz). Simulated results show that the resonant cavity antenna proposed in this letter exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 13.3% (7-8 GHz) and a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 14.3% (7.02-8.10 GHz). The maximum gain in the whole operating band is 14.5 dBi. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. |
| Author(s): | X. Song, A. Dong, X. P. Li, Y. Q. Zhang, H. Lin, H. Yang, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3276 KB |
| Title: | Broadband Dual-frequency High Isolation Base Station Antenna with Low RCS Structure Loaded |
| Abstract: | A novel dual-band dual-polarization shared aperture antenna is proposed, which covers frequencies 1.7-2.6 GHz and 3.3-3.8 GHz. The structure, with low radar cross section (RCS), is designed to reduce the radiation interference on the high band (HB) antenna. Additionally, by introducing U-shaped slots on the arms of the low band (LB) antenna, polarization isolation between the HB elements is significantly enhanced, which can reach up to 25 dB across the whole band. Moreover, to restore the radiation pattern of the LB antenna, the dielectric substrate is employed beneath the HB antenna as a substitute for the ground plane. The antenna proposed in this paper possesses attributes of broadband, compact size, and simplified structure. |
| Author(s): | P.-P. Ma, F.-F. Fan, X.-Y. Zhao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 39 Number: 3 Year: 2024 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1556 KB |