ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal March 2026 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1967 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal March 2026 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 49 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal March 2026 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 111135 KB |
| Title: | Women’s History Month Special Article: Interview with Professor Natalia Nikolova |
| Abstract: | In recent years, Applied Computational Elec tromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal has highlighted the work of women in applied and computational elec tromagnetics. These articles aim not only to showcase the contributions of outstanding female researchers and educators but also to inspire young students and pro fessionals as they pursue their careers in the field. This year, we were fortunate to learn from Professor Natalia Nikolova, who shared her insights about her professional journey, as well as her advice and guidance for the next generation of scientists and engineers. |
| Author(s): | S. Noghanian |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 6679 KB |
| Title: | A Full-Wave Method for Radar Cross-Section Analysis with Locally Generated Structured Electromagnetic Waves |
| Abstract: | This work presents a full-wave numerical method for simulating the radar cross-section (RCS) of targets illuminated by structured electromagnetic waves generated by physically realizable sources embedded within the simulation domain. The proposed framework enables RCS prediction using practical excitation mech anisms, such as antenna arrays, rather than idealized incident fields. To demonstrate the approach, we com pute the RCS of several canonical targets under illumi nation by an orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex wave produced by a uniform circular array (UCA) of dipole antennas. The simulated results reveal distinctive scattering behaviors and increased RCS diversity asso ciated with OAM-based structured wave excitation. The methodology establishes a foundation for future studies of target scattering under a broad range of structured electromagnetic fields and source configurations. |
| Author(s): | M. J. Dodd, K. Prior, J. E. Diener, V. Demir, A. Z. Elsherbeni |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 22603 KB |
| Title: | APEC Conformal FDTD Algorithm with Distorted Grid Face Filtering for Enhanced Efficiency |
| Abstract: | The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method suffers from accuracy loss when applied to curved targets due to the staircase approximation. To improve the surface fitting accuracy of curved perfect electric conductor (PEC) objects, the conformal finite difference time-domain (CFDTD) has been introduced. However, when high-precision conformal cell fitting is performed, the time step in CFDTD is significantly reduced by the presence of distorted small cells, leading to much lower computational efficiency. In this paper, a novel PEC CFDTD algorithm with distorted grid face filtering is proposed, which allows a larger time step. By deriving the stability condition of CFDTD, a Conformal Distortion Index (CDI) is defined and used as a filtering criterion. The conformal cells are retained in regions with low CDI, while areas with high CDI are reverted to the staircase mesh. A sensitivity study on a PEC sphere is used to determine an optimal filtering ratio of 5%, under which the proposed method greatly improves computational efficiency while incurring only a minimal loss in accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
| Author(s): | C. Liu, K. Fan, J. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 9641 KB |
| Title: | Modeling of Thin Shielding Layer Based on Unstructured Grid Vector Finite Element Method and Analysis of its Effect on SQUID TEM Observation Signal |
| Abstract: | Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method (SQUID TEM) is currently the most accurate elec tromagnetic detection technology used in geophysics. However, SQUID is highly susceptible to electro magnetic interference in outdoor spaces, so it needs to work continuously and stably in a Dewar bucket wrapped with a metal shielding material. Therefore, the influence of the metal shielding thin layer on the observation signal cannot be ignored. We propose a vector finite element method based on unstructured grids to spatially model the sleeve formed by the metal shielding thin layer wrapped around the SQUID and analyze the influence of the metal shielding sleeve on the SQUID TEM observation signal. Firstly, we derive the governing equations from Maxwell’s equations. Secondly, the Galerkin method is used for finite element discretization of the control equations, and unstructured mesh discretization is applied to the metal shielding sleeve and other computational areas. By solving the interpolation basis functions of tetrahedral vector elements, the local equations of each element are obtained and combined into a global large sparse matrix. Finally, the direct solution method is used to calculate the electromagnetic response at the observation points inside the metal shielding sleeve. The effectiveness and universality of the proposed method are verified through numerical simulations. Furthermore, through field experiments in the Da Hinggan Ling area, the necessity of metal shielding sleeves in field experiments and the reliability of the calculation results proposed have been demonstrated. |
| Author(s): | B. Ma, N. Chang, Y. Ji, X. Zhao, H. Luan |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 12239 KB |
| Title: | A High-Precision Beamforming Reflectarray Using an Improved Hybrid PSO-GA Algorithm and Low-Coupling Element |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a high-precision cose cant square beamforming reflectarray using an improved hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algo rithm (PSO-GA) and low-coupling square ring element. Firstly, a novel hybrid PSO-GA algorithm is carried out to optimize the phase distribution of the high-precision beamforming reflectarray. Then, an element is presented whose reflection phase is insensitive to different incident angles and reflection amplitude stable with variations of element size. By using the above-mentioned methods, a high-precision beamforming reflectarray is designed and analyzed. The experimental results show well-defined cosecant squared beams in the predefined direction are achieved in the frequency range from 13.1 to 14.3 GHz and have low loss. |
| Author(s): | R. Jiawei, Li Zuowen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 7312 KB |
| Title: | Electromagnetic Exposure to Child Passengers of Positioning Antennas for Autonomous Driving Electric Vehicles |
| Abstract: | With the rapid development of electric vehi cles (EVs) and autonomous driving (AD) technologies, the issue of electromagnetic exposure of passengers, especially children, to the electromagnetic radiation gen erated by the positioning antennas of AD has received increasing attention. In this study, COMSOL Multi physics is used to construct the models of an EV, a positioning antenna and a child human body, and the levels of electromagnetic exposure of a child passenger to the positioning antenna in AD are calculated. Results indicate that the maximum value of induced electric field in a child’s body is 23 V/m, and the maximum value of the SAR1g of the child’s body is 0.19 W/kg. Addition ally, the maximum temperature rise in the child body is 0.55°C. The electromagnetic exposure levels of the child passenger calculated in this study are all lower than the safety limits defined by international authoritative insti tutions. Therefore, the electromagnetic radiation levels from the positioning antenna comply with international safety standards. Based on the analysis of this study, no significant health effects on child passengers have been observed. The results of this study can supplement studies on the electromagnetic environment of AD in EVs and can provide guidance for ensuring the travel safety of child passengers. |
| Author(s): | X. Dong, Y. Ren, M. Lu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 12882 KB |
| Title: | Inversion Method Based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention for SQUID TEM Data with IP Effect |
| Abstract: | The superconducting quantum interference device time-domain electromagnetic (SQUID TEM) method has been widely used for the exploration of geological and mineral resources. Extracting resistivity and polarizability from TEM data aids in delineat ing subsurface metallic mineralization. However, tra ditional inversion methods are computationally inten sive and slow. We propose an inversion method based on a convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory with attention (CNN-BiLSTM Attention) to extract resistivity and polarizability of polarizable media from SQUID TEM data acquired with a magnetic source. The method combines the advan tages of CNN for automatic feature extraction with the capabilities of BiLSTM for processing temporal data. Additionally, it incorporates an attention mecha nism that emphasizes the extraction of key polarization features, thereby optimizing the parameters extraction process. The method can effectively extract resistivity and polarizability from SQUID TEM data. It is val idated by the TEM data of theoretical models, and the errors of CNN-BiLSTM-Attention inversion results are smaller than that of the BiLSTM and CNN-LSTM methods. |
| Author(s): | Y. Ji, J. Yuan, H. Luan, Y. Wang, Q. Wu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 11268 KB |
| Title: | Numerical Analysis on the Equivalent Physical Temperature Estimation for Pyramidal Microwave Calibration Targets Based on Infrared Imagery |
| Abstract: | Pyramidal microwave calibration targets (MCT) are widely applied in on-orbit and pre-launch radiometric calibrations due to its compact size. How ever, it is well known that array-shaped MCT suffers from the temperature gradient at tips that leads to radi ating brightness temperature (BT) bias. Therefore, it is vital to estimate the equivalent physical temperature of the MCT given the tip temperature gradient for the BT bias correction. In this work, the authors numerically investigate the TMCT estimation based on possible tem perature measurement techniques, specifically consid ering a combination configuration of platinum resistor temperature (PRT) detector at the metal base and the infrared camera detector for the tipbottom temperature difference. By considering the possible variation of coating material parameters and thermal measurement errors, it is possible to evaluate TMCT estimation accu racy. Numerical results indicate that this temperature measurement configuration can lead to accurate TMCT estimation at the level of 0.1 K (1−σ). Factors that notably impact on the estimation accuracy are discussed. This investigation can be a direct reference for MCT BT correction applications in the pre-launch calibration process. |
| Author(s): | M. Jin, J. Qian, M. Peng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 11362 KB |
| Title: | An Endfire Array Antenna for Simultaneous Operation in C- and X-Bands |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a broadband high-gain endfire array antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is designed for simultaneous C- and X-band applications. To achieve endfire radiation, the SSPP structure is truncated to reduce its field confinement capability, while a radiating branch is loaded at the end of the transmission line to guide energy radiation. A rectangular metal ground is placed at the bottom of the antenna substrate to suppress backward radiation and optimize the contact area with the connector to ensure stable feeding. The final 1×4 endfire array antenna is formed by integrating unit antennas via a Wilkinson power divider-based feed network. A prototype was fabricated and tested, showing a 50% relative impedance bandwidth (6–10 GHz), 91% simulated radiation effi ciency, 87% average measured radiation efficiency, and a maximum measured gain of 11.6 dBi at 9.7 GHz. With simple structure, low cost, and excellent performance, it is promising for C-band low-orbit satellite communica tion and X-band short-range radar. |
| Author(s): | Z. N. Jiang, W. X. Gao, C. Peng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 7394 KB |
| Title: | Enhanced Compressive Sensing Method of Moments via Physics-Aware Characteristic Modes and LSQR Solver |
| Abstract: | To improve the computational efficiency and stability of the compressive sensing-method of moments (CS-MoM) based on characteristic mode basis functions (CMBFs) for electromagnetic scattering prob lems, this paper introduces an enhanced construction strategy for CMBFs. The proposed method adopts a dual strategy framework that synergistically integrates physical insight with mathematical screening, replacing the conventional approach based solely on mathemat ical selection. This integration significantly enhances the physical interpretability and sparsity of the result ing basis functions. In addition, the least squares QR (LSQR) iterative algorithm, which solves the problem by utilizing QR decomposition, is employed instead of the traditional LS method for the CS reconstruction problem. This replacement alleviates the detrimental effects of ill-conditioned matrices on solution stability, thereby improving the robustness and accuracy of the algorithm. Numerical results confirm that the proposed method substantially reduces computational complexity while enhancing numerical stability. |
| Author(s): | Y. Liu, Z. Wang, W. Nie, L. Sun |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 41 Number: 3 Year: 2026 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 10512 KB |