ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal May 2025 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1967 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal May 2025 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 256 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal May 2025 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 28665 KB |
| Title: | Novel Strategies for Efficient Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) Simulation of Microstrip Circuits, Antennas, Arrays and Metamaterials Part-I: Introduction, Layered Medium Green’s Function, Equivalent Medium Approach |
| Abstract: | Rapid-prototyping plays a critical role in the design of antennas and related planar circuits for wireless communications, especially as we embrace the 5G/6G protocols going forward into the future. While there are a number of software modules commercially available for such rapid prototyping, often they are found to be not as reliable as desired, especially when they are based on approximate equivalent circuit models for various circuit components comprising the antenna system. Consequently, it becomes necessary to resort to the use of more sophisticated simulation techniques, based on full-wave solvers that are numerically rigorous, albeit computerintensive. Furthermore, optimizing the dimensions of antennas and circuits to enhance the performance of the system is frequently desired, and this often exacerbates the problem since the simulation must be run a large number of times to achieve the performance goal—an optimized design. Consequently, it is highly desirable to develop accurate yet efficient techniques, both in terms of memory requirements and runtimes, to expedite the design process as much as possible. This is especially true when the antenna utilizes metamaterials and metasurfaces for their performance enhancement, as is often the case in modern designs. The purpose of this paper is to present strategies that address the bottlenecks encountered in the generation of Green’s Functions for layered media, especially in the millimeter wave frequency range where the dimensions of the antennas and the platforms upon which they are mounted can be several wavelengths in size. The paper is divided into two parts. Part-I covers the topics of construction of layered medium Green’s Function for millimeter wavelengths; the Equivalent Medium Approach (EMA) which obviates the need to construct Green’s Function for certain geometries; and the T-matrix approach for hybridizing the finite methods with the Method of Moments (MoM). In Part-II of this paper, we go on to discuss three other strategies for performance enhancement of CEM techniques: the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM); mesh truncation for finite methods by using a new form of the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML); and GPU acceleration of MoM as well as FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) algorithms. The common theme between the two parts is the “performance enhancement” of CEM (Computational Electromagnetics) techniques, which provides the synergistic link between the two parts. |
| Author(s): | R. Mittra, O. Ozgun, V. Kaim, A. Nasri, P. Chaudhary, R. K. Arya |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 12818 KB |
| Title: | Design of Integrated Polygonal UWB MIMO Antenna With EBG Structure Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an analytical design of an integrated polygonal ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antenna, featuring a stepped electromagnetic band gap (EBG) integrated with a T-shaped stepped stub and utilizing characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The overall size of the antenna is 27×22×0.8 mm3. It comprises two symmetric octagonal radiating units, a T-shaped stepped floor, and an EBG structure positioned between the two radiating units. By analyzing the current and electric field distributions of the antenna’s characteristic modes, the feed point is identified at the rectangular microstrip line of the radiating unit, ensuring the simultaneous excitation of the antenna’s eight characteristic modes to achieve ultra-broadband characteristics. Meanwhile, the characteristic mode theory offers clear physical insights into antenna optimization. The bandwidth is improved by etching three positive T-slots on the floor. In comparison, the antenna isolation is enhanced by employing the EBG structure to suppress coupling currents and etching two inverted T-slots to modify the current path. Simulation and measurement results show that the antenna covers the 3.06-14 GHz band with isolation exceeding 20 dB. The antenna exhibits excellent radiation performance and a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). |
| Author(s): | F. Zhang, Z. Wang, W. Nie, M. Yang, C. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 5950 KB |
| Title: | Low-profile, Broadband, and High-gain Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna using Characteristic Mode Analysis |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a low-profile broadband and high-gain circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna (MSA) is proposed. The characteristic mode analysis is employed to select the valuable modes for the 4 × 4 square metasurface elements printed on the top of the single-layer dielectric slab. The coplanar waveguide feeding structure combines a horizontal aperture and two slots rotated in a counter-clockwise direction is utilized to excite the CP radiation of the MSA. The proposed CP MSA is fabricated and measured, which achieves a -10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 4.83 GHz to 6.35 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 27.2%, the overlapped 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 20.1% (covers from 4.83 GHz to 5.91 GHz). Furthermore, the peak boresight gain measured at 5.2 GHz reaches 9.88 dBic. The average gain consistently maintains 8.94 dBic throughout the overlapped AR bandwidth, while the 3 dB gain bandwidth fully encompasses the entirety of the 3 dB overlapped AR bandwidth showing good performance for 5G Wi-Fi band utilization. |
| Author(s): | Y. Fan, Z. Jin, Z. Fu, X. Cai, Q. Lin |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 37013 KB |
| Title: | Research on the Composite Electromagnetic Scattering of Rough Surface and Buried Target Based on G-PILE |
| Abstract: | This article proposes a G-PILE (Generalized Propagation Inside Layer Expansion) algorithm for solving the composite electromagnetic scattering of large-scale dielectric rough surfaces and buried dielectric targets. Firstly, the EFIE (Electric Field Integral Equation) is established, and the traditional PILE algorithm is improved to extend its application to studying the composite scattering characteristics of targets under rough surfaces. In the iterative process, the BMIA/CAG (Banded Matrix Iterative Approach Canonical Grid) is introduced to solve the electromagnetic scattering of the rough surface itself, ultimately reducing the complexity of the algorithm to O(N logN) and achieving acceleration. Meanwhile, a conical incident wave is introduced to reduce the error caused by rough surface truncation. To verify the accuracy of G-PILE, the scattering characteristics of a dielectric cylinder buried under a dielectric rough surface are calculated and compared with existing algorithms. The effectiveness of G-PILE is demonstrated in several aspects. Results show that the algorithm gets excellent performance in accuracy and computation efficiency. Finally, the composite electromagnetic scattering depending on different target parameters is studied. These results are of great significance for understanding and predicting the interaction between rough ground and targets as well as the changes in scattering coefficients. |
| Author(s): | J. Zhao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2560 KB |
| Title: | Design of Vortex Forward-Looking SAR Imaging using OAM Beam Modulation |
| Abstract: | Forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems often suffer from low resolution and blurred imaging in the azimuthal direction due to the limited variation in Doppler frequency. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel forward-looking SAR imaging technique leveraging vortex electromagnetic waves and orbital angular momentum (OAM) modulation. The core innovation lies in introducing a new azimuthal Doppler frequency component by establishing a linear relationship between the OAM mode number and slow-time, significantly enhancing azimuthal resolution. The method employs a transceiver system comprising a uniform circular array for transmission, with a single antenna at the center of the array for reception. Additionally, the traditional Range-Doppler (RD) algorithm is optimized to suppress motion-induced azimuthal Doppler interference and isolate mode-induced Doppler effects. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively expands the azimuthal Doppler bandwidth, resolving left-right target ambiguity and substantially improving azimuthal imaging quality in forwardlooking SAR systems. |
| Author(s): | G. Cheng, P. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4555 KB |
| Title: | Antenna Array Pattern with Sidelobe Level Control using Deep Learning |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the demonstrated success of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communications systems, this paper proposes a deep learning-based approach for generating a desired radiation pattern with sidelobe level (SLL) control in active electronically scanned array (AESA) antennas. Recent works in this direction are mostly limited to generating radiation patterns with only beam scanning capability, inhibiting their wide-scale applicability. In this work, we propose a unified deep neural network (DNN) model that enable simultaneous control over both beam scanning angles and SLLs across a range of operating scenarios. To accomplish this task, the DNN model efficiently predicts the phase and amplitude of each array element. To learn the DNN model’s parameters, we construct a training dataset comprising amplitude values and phases as labeled outputs and corresponding 181-point radiation patterns as input features. The training and validation process of the proposed DNN model reveals high accuracy in terms of R2 score and mean square error (MSE). For prediction, the desired radiation pattern consisting of 181 points is fed to the trained DNN model to yield optimized weights of antenna elements. The numerical results on a 1×8 linear phase antenna array, using an assortment of beam scanning angles and SLLs, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The numerical results presented in MATLAB and CST simulators are validated by measurements on a 1×8 microstrip prototype array. |
| Author(s): | M. A. Abdullah, A. Zaib, S. U. Khan, S. Azmat, S. Khattak, B. D. Braaten, I. Ullah |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1672 KB |
| Title: | Wideband Meta-dielectric Resonator Antenna |
| Abstract: | A novel wideband meta-dielectric resonator antenna (MDRA) is presented in this paper. Metamaterial technology is introduced to broaden the impedance bandwidth of the DRA. The proposed MDRA comprises a 4×4 array of subwavelength meta-dielectric resonator cuboids (0.096λ0×0.096λ0×0.116λ0, where λ0 denotes the free space wavelength at the center frequency) fed by a microstrip-slot configuration. The proposed MDRA achieves a wideband -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 36% (1.88-2.71 GHz) with a stable radiation pattern. Due to its advantages of low profile, simple structure, wide bandwidth and stable radiation pattern, the MDRA may be applied to the wideband wireless communication systems. |
| Author(s): | W. Jiang, G. Xu, Y. Luo, Z. Huang, W. Wang, M. Jin, H.-L. Peng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4979 KB |
| Title: | A Novel Matching Technique for Microstrip Feeds using Optimized Tapering |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an efficient impedance matching technique for microstrip feed structures, providing a practical solution for seamless connector integration in high-frequency systems. Unlike conventional approaches that assume predefined connector compatibility, this method allows adaptation to various connector constraints without requiring major structural modifications. A linearly tapered microstrip feed with tapered substrate is proposed to ensure stable impedance matching, reduce signal reflection, and enhance overall system performance. The technique is demonstrated on a fabricated substrate-integrated waveguide antenna, utilizing a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate configured for 50 Ω impedance and adapted for integration with a specific coaxial connector. Experimental validation confirms excellent agreement between simulated and measured results, verifying its effectiveness in achieving impedance matching, minimizing return loss, and ensuring seamless integration with the connector while preserving radiation characteristics. This work presents a versatile feed design approach that addresses a key challenge in RF and microwave engineering, paving the way for improved performance and broader applicability in advanced communication systems and integrated circuit applications. |
| Author(s): | N. Zahra, I. E. Rana, F. Mukhtar, M. Khan |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3158 KB |
| Title: | A Miniaturized Wide-stopbandWide-passband Cavity Filter with Two Asymmetric Stepped Probes |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a miniaturized cavity filter with wide-stopband and wide-passband is proposed. Because of the bended stub-loaded resonator (BSLR), the proposed cavity filter successfully excites three TEM modes, namely TEM-I, TEM-II and TEM-III. The lowfrequency transmission zero (LFTZ) is generated by the lateral probe, and the high-frequency transmission zero (HFTZ) is generated by the lateral stub. The lateral metal cylinder can concentrate the electric field of the stray mode, leading to a high suppression level. The asymmetric vertical arrangement of the probes can suppress the fundamental TE101 mode and several high-order modes. Therefore, a stopband with a bandwidth of 2.02 times the center frequency is formed. The proposed cavity filter has a bandwidth of 42% and an electrical size of 0.26λg×0.25λg×0.22λg. It has several advantages applied to the 5G communication system. |
| Author(s): | P. Bao, Y. Wu, Y. Shen, J. Liu, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2366 KB |
| Title: | Design and Analysis of High-thrust Magnetic Field Modulation Transverse Flux Motor for New Energy High-voltage Disconnector |
| Abstract: | In order to solve the problem of traditional high-voltage disconnector mechanism jamming and improve the thrust of the drive mechanism, a directdrive magnetic field modulation transverse flux motor (MFM-TFM) is proposed in this paper. First, the threedimensional structure of MFM-TFM is introduced. The expression of air gap flux density is derived according to the permeability method. The air gap flux density of the lower air gap dominated by the sixth harmonic is modulated into the air gap flux density of the upper air gap dominated by the fifth harmonic. The increase in the amplitude of low-order harmonics can increase the average thrust. Secondly, the upper and lower air gap widths, permanent magnets, iron cores, pole shoes and modulators are optimized. The optimized motor has good no-load back EMF and current waveform sinusoidality. Through core lamination, the loss of the transverse flux motor is effectively reduced. The rated average thrust of the motor reaches 612.54 N. Finally, the prototype was manufactured and the experimental test platform was built. The thrust and back EMF were measured and compared with the experimental values to verify the rationality of the proposed topology and the accuracy of the calculated results. |
| Author(s): | Y. Su, L. Gao, W. Huang, J. Qin, Y. Lu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 40 Number: 5 Year: 2025 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4017 KB |