ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal May 2021 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2221 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal May 2021 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 12396 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal May 2021 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 24796 KB |
| Title: | On the Possibility of Using ULF/ELF Electromagnetic Waves from Undersea Cables to Detect Airplanes Submerged in the Ocean |
| Abstract: | The loss of Malaysian Flight on March 8, 2014, and the subsequent lengthy search for the aircraft highlights the need for an effective detection system for locating airplanes that have crashed into the ocean. The goal of this paper is to test the feasibility of detecting submerged airplanes using ultra-low frequency and/ or extremely-low frequency electromagnetic signals generated by undersea cables located along the bottom of the ocean. The proposed detection system is tested using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of the cable source, ocean water, ground, and submerged object (aircraft). The perturbation caused by the object is obtained for different positions of the object relative to the cable source. The magnitude of the perturbation is compared to the expected background level for a depth of 3 km into the ocean. A sensor array is proposed for detecting objects within several km of the cable. |
| Author(s): | D. R. Smith, J. J. Simpson |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1747 KB |
| Title: | Near-to-Far Field Transformation in FDTD: A Comparative Study of Different Interpolation Approaches |
| Abstract: | Equivalence theorems in electromagnetic field theory stipulate that farfield radiation pattern/scattering profile of a source/scatterer can be evaluated from fictitious electric and magnetic surface currents on an equivalent imaginary surface enclosing the source/scatterer. These surface currents are in turn calculated from tangential (to the equivalent surface) magnetic and electric fields, respectively. However, due to the staggered-in-space placement of electric and magnetic fields in FDTD Yee cell, selection of a single equivalent surface harboring both tangential electric and magnetic fields is not feasible. The work-around is to select a closed surface with tangential electric (or magnetic) fields and interpolate the neighboring magnetic (or electric) fields to bring approximate magnetic (or electric) fields onto the same surface. Interpolation schemes available in the literature include averaging, geometric mean and the mixed-surface approach. In this work, we compare FDTD farfield scattering profiles of a dielectric cube calculated from surface currents that are obtained using various interpolation techniques. The results are benchmarked with those obtained from integral equation solvers available in the commercial packages FEKO and HFSS. |
| Author(s): | R. C. Bollimuntha, M. F. Hadi, M. J. Piket-May, A. Z. Elsherbeni |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1425 KB |
| Title: | A Physics-based Transient Simulation and Modeling Method for Wide-frequency Electrical Overstress Including ESD |
| Abstract: | Circuits design that meets various IEC electrical overstress (EOS) standards is still a challenge, for that different kinds of EOS are at different frequency bands. In this paper, a physics-based transient simulation and modeling method is proposed, which can simulate wide-frequency EOS including electrostatic discharge (ESD) and AC characteristics. In this method, the physical model is used to characterize the nonlinear semiconductor devices in the finite-difference timedomain (FDTD)-SPICE co-simulation. Moreover, the modeling and physical parameters extraction method of the ESD protect devices, the transient voltage suppressor diode, is demonstrated. Taking an EOS protection circuit for example, it is modeled and simulated by the proposed method. Moreover, the circuit is also simulated by the widely-used System-Efficient ESD Design (SEED) method, in which the TVS diode is modeled based on 100 ns Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) measurements. The experiments show that both this method and SEED method can characterize the IEC system-level ESD behaviors well. However, the error of the SEED is about 219.2% at 10 MHz AC characteristics, but the maximum error of the proposed method is only 7.8%. Hence, compared with the widely-used SEED method, this method is more accurate when characterizing the EOS event during AC operation and switching. |
| Author(s): | K. Xu, X. Chen, Z. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1644 KB |
| Title: | A Second-Order Stabilized Control Volume Finite Element Method for Self-Heating Effects Simulation of Semiconductor Devices based on Triangular Elements |
| Abstract: | A second-order control volume finite element method combined with the multiscale flux approximation (CVFEM-MS) based on triangular elements is proposed to numerically investigate the selfheating effects of semiconductor devices. The multiscale fluxes are combined with a selected set of second-order vector basis functions to stabilize the discretization of carrier continuity equations with respect to triangular elements. Numerical results reveal that the proposed method is robust and accurate, even on the mesh of low-quality, where the detrimental impacts caused by the severe self-heating on the terminal currents can be obviously observed for a bipolar transistor model. |
| Author(s): | D.-M. Yu, X.-M. Pan, X.-Q. Sheng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1344 KB |
| Title: | Orthogonally Integrated Hybrid Antenna for Intelligent Transportation Systems |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to design an orthogonally integrated hybrid antenna to address 5G/Wi-Fi/C-V2X communication simultaneously in one device. The proposed antenna consists of three planar monopoles and a defected ground plane with a dimension of 55x30x1.2mm3. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is employed to design the proposed antenna, which resonates at three distinct frequencies 2.45 GHz (Wi-Fi), 3.5 GHz (5G), and 5.9 GHz. Further, the prototype antenna is fabricated and experimentally validated in comparing with simulation results. The excellent agreement among the simulation and measured results shows that the designed antenna operates simultaneously at 5G/Wi-Fi/C-V2X frequency bands and the isolation effects between the elements is less than 15dB. |
| Author(s): | S. Syedyusuff, R. Subramaniam, R. Vijay |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1688 KB |
| Title: | Structural Optimization of an Optical 90 Degree Hybrid Based on a Weaklyguided 4x4 Multimode Interference Coupler Using a Parallelized Real-coded Micro-genetic Algorithm |
| Abstract: | The optimal design of a 4x4 multimode interference (MMI) coupler as an optical 90° hybrid based on a weakly-guided optical waveguide was considered. Seven geometrical parameters of a 4x4 MMI coupler were optimized by a real-coded micro-genetic algorithm, and parallelized using a message-passing interface. The beam-propagation method was used to evaluate the fitness of the MMI coupler in the optimization process. The optimized 4x4 MMI coupler showed a common-mode rejection ratio greater than 28.9 dBe and a phase error less than 2.52° across a wavelength range of 1520 to 1580 nm, which satisfied typical system requirements. The optimization process was executed on a Beowulf-style cluster comprising five identical PCs, and its parallel efficiency was 0.78. |
| Author(s): | T. Yasui, J. Sugisaka, K. Hirayama |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1566 KB |
| Title: | Linear Pattern Correction Technique for Compensating the Effects of Mutual Coupling and Deformation in Wedge-Shaped Conformal Antenna Arrays |
| Abstract: | In this paper, the effects of mutual coupling and antenna surface deformity in a conformal wedgeshaped antenna array are compensated using a linear pattern correction technique. The problem is formulated to reduce the absolute distance between the actual (simulated) and the desired radiation patterns and to allow for null positioning control. The individual field patterns for the antenna elements are deformed due to changes in mutual coupling and the conformal surface. The deformed patterns of the individual antennas for specific bend angles are stored as lookup tables and interpolated to get the desired radiation pattern at any arbitrary bend-angle. The problem is linearly and quadratically constrained at the null points and performance compared with unconstrained optimization. The proposed solution for diminishing the effect of mutual coupling and surface deformity is independent of main lobe direction, type of individual antenna, array geometry, and spacing between antenna elements. The closed-form results are validated through Computer Simulation Technology (CST) for the wedge-shaped deformed dipole antenna array. The results for the proposed scheme are also assessed with the traditional Open Circuit Voltage Method (OCVM) and show superior compensation for deformity and the mutual coupling effects in conformal beam-forming arrays in terms of main beam direction, position and depth of nulls. |
| Author(s): | A. Tariq, S. Khattak, H. Munsif, S. Razzaq, Irfanullah |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1772 KB |
| Title: | A Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna based on Few Layer Graphene |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna was presented. This antenna is made up of a square loop and a microstrip line with a gap, in which the few layer graphene (FLG) sheet is located to achieve frequency reconfigurable. FLG is likes a lumped resistor with resistance. And the surface impedance can be adjusted by applying a direct current bias voltage, which obtains two work modes that imitate switch. Additionally, the experimental evidence show the proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna can provide a tunable bandwidth. |
| Author(s): | S. Wang, J.-S. Hong, Y. Deng, Z. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1425 KB |
| Title: | Improved Configuration of Halbach Magnets with a Homogeneous Magnetic Field for Portable NMR Device |
| Abstract: | Halbach array magnets are widely used in portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) devices that the homogeneity of the magnetic field generated by the array affects the imaging quality. In this paper, we propose some improvements to the construction of the Halbach magnets to enhance magnetic field uniformity. Using a Halbach array model comprising 16 magnets, all the calculations are based on 3D finite element method (FEM) analysis and optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Comparisons of the results are shown to support the observations that the optimized and improved constructions can generate a more homogeneous magnetic field. |
| Author(s): | Y.-Y. Cheng, M.-Y. Su, T. Hai, M. Hui, B. Li, L. Xia |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1654 KB |
| Title: | Passive Fractal Chipless RFID Tags Based on Cellular Automata for Security Applications |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we propose a novel design of low-profile fractal chipless tags with unique specific electromagnetic responses. The tags are designed using cellular automata (Game of Life) technique to ensure the randomness of the generated fractal tags. The tags are simulated in CST Microwave Studio for the frequency range of 2 to 10 GHz. The tags are realized on FR4 substrate and their radar cross-section (RCS) characteristics are analyzed for the nine different tags for the three different polarizations (horizontal, vertical, and oblique). Each tag shows a unique signature resonance response. The obtained results of coding capacity (16-20 bits), coding spatial capacity (1-1.25 bits/cm2), coding spectral capacity (2.15-2.9 bits/GHz), and coding density (0.15-0.18 bits/GHz x cm2) of realized tags are very good. The presented tags could be used for the development of secure RFID systems. |
| Author(s): | M. N. Zaqumi, J. Yousaf, M. Zarouan, M. A. Hussaini, H. Rmili |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1965 KB |
| Title: | Design of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Mobile Wireless Application |
| Abstract: | In this article, a pentaband rectangular DRA is explored and presented. The proposed antenna has a crescent-shaped radiating element with defected ground structure and it is feed by 50‐Ω microstrip line. The RDRA invariably has two similar dielectric resonators made up of RT5870 is positioned on top of the crescentshaped patch. With the use of a dielectric resonator, the proposed structure has good improvement in impedance bandwidth and gain. The proposed rectangular DRA has penta operating frequency bands with resonant frequency at 1.49 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 5.49 GHz, and 7.75 GHz. The projected structure exhibits the broadside radiation pattern with the maximum gain and directivity of 4 dBi and 4.5 dBi, respectively. The gig of the projected RDRA is validated with the help of simulated results by CST software. The observed results of the proposed antenna indicate that it can be a potential candidate for GPS, PCS, UMTS, ISM, WLAN, Wi-MAX applications. |
| Author(s): | C. Bethala, M. C. Kamsali |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2359 KB |
| Title: | Multifold Bandwidth Improvement in Conformal Patch Antenna for Aircraft Application Using Corrugated Edge Coupling |
| Abstract: | In the high-speed Internet of Things (IOT) era, the aircraft on-board is one of the few places that lacks high speed network access. The speed of this communication link between the ground station and the aircraft is limited by the transmitting antenna power, cost, latency and available infrastructure. The Direct Air to Ground (DATG) is a much-guaranteed technique which can provide a high-speed link between the ground station and aircraft. This paper describes a novel conformal microstrip patch antenna design which provides fourfold increase in bandwidth. As the bandwidth of an antenna mounted on the fuselage of aircraft is crucial to achieve higher data rate, this antenna performance is promising and suits better for DATG application. The proposed antenna with a size of (6.81 X 7.21cm) achieves a bandwidth of ~700MHz (5.032GHz to 5.73GHz) and max Gain of 9.53dB with max radiation efficiency of 93%. As this antenna is to be mounted on the aircraft fuselage, a substrate material, RT duroid 5880 with a thickness of 0.787mm is selected to have better conformability, low loss and high gain. This paper explains the different performance metrics involved in the DATG system and derives the specification for the proposed antenna structure. Also, the detailed structural analysis with the support of parametric and Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) is provided to get the physical insight of the designed antenna. |
| Author(s): | J. Monica, P. Jothilakshmi |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2086 KB |
| Title: | A Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna for Universal UHF RFID Reader and GPS |
| Abstract: | A novel compact printed broadband circularly polarized slot antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of an inverted L-shaped coplanar waveguide feed structure and a square ground plate loaded with three rectangular slots. The antenna achieves good impedance matching and circular polarization characteristics by adjusting the size of the L-shaped band and the rectangular slot. The simulation results show that the antenna has a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 1360 MHz (690-2050 MHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 490 MHz (770-1260 MHz). Additionally, the maximum gain reached 4.02 dBi. The antenna proposed in this paper can be applied to UHF RFID and GPS frequency bands. |
| Author(s): | C. Chen, Q. Feng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1491 KB |
| Title: | GPR Pulse Propagation Topography |
| Abstract: | In this article, I propose a new method for calculating and visualizing the pulse radiation within the depth range commonly used by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The text describes the method and illustrates the propagation with several examples. One conventional method is also applied for a quick comparison. The method can be used to optimize GPR antennas and transmit pulse shapes. |
| Author(s): | V. E. Voipio |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1548 KB |
| Title: | The Effect of Wi-Fi Radiation on the Mineralization and Oxidative Stress of Osteoblasts |
| Abstract: | Some articles reported that Wi-Fi radiation induced oxidative stress (OS) in cells and vital organs. However, the possible effects of Wi-Fi electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on bone cells have not yet been investigated. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in cell incubators during induced differentiation and placed 3 cm from Wi-Fi antenna. A 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi signal, transmitted between a Wi-Fi router and a laptop Wi-Fi antenna, radiated on cells for 30 min/day over a 7-day period. The two modes of the Wi-Fi irradiation were 100 mW and 500 mW. The specific absorption rates (SARs) in the cell layer by 100 mW and 500 mW Wi-Fi were 0.1671 W/kg and 0.8356 W/kg, respectively, represented as SARa and SARb, and the cell layer temperature increased by 0.065°C and 0.32°C, respectively, after 30 min of irradiation by finite difference-time domain (FDTD) simulation. The cell oxidative stress indexes were measured by a microplate reader, and the calcified nodules were examined by alizarin red S staining. At a 3-cm close range, 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi radiation increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in osteoblasts with the increase of irradiation time, and the quantity of mineralization slightly depended on the radiation intensity. |
| Author(s): | M. Wang, G. Yang, Y. Li, Q. Wu, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 5 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1344 KB |