ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal April 2022 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1967 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal April 2022 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 341 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal April 2022 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 25335 KB |
| Title: | Field Distribution Analysis Based on Improved Differential Algorithm for Dual Port Radiation Device |
| Abstract: | With the continuous development of science and technology, the requirement of signal source is higher and higher. Single port signal source is difficult to meet experimental requirements of radiation spatial field distribution. In this paper, a dual port radiation device for changing the field distribution is proposed. The dual port radiation device is mainly composed of the DC to 6 GHz experimental radiation device, amplifier, attenuator, and the phase shifter. After adding two different excitation signals to the dual port, the field distribution of the radiation device is calculated by improved differential algorithm and simulated by CST software. The simulated results are in good agreement with the calculated results. The innovation of this research lies in the dual port and controlling the field distribution of the radiation space freely. |
| Author(s): | S. Wang, S. Fang, P. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 5338 KB |
| Title: | Complementary Frequency Selective Surface with Polarization Selective Responses |
| Abstract: | This paper reports the design and electromagnetic performance of a new complementary frequency selective surface (CFSS) which shows polarization selectivity and good angular stability. Each CFSS unit cell only consists of a thin substrate sandwiched by a square patch array and its complementary square slot array with lateral displacement. The polarization selectivity of the proposed CFSS is determined by the displacement introduced between two arrays. An equivalent circuit model has been developed for this structure to interpret its polarization selective feature. The CFSS structure has been analyzed with full-wave simulation. The polarization selectivity of the proposed structure was verified by experiment. |
| Author(s): | J. Jiao, N. Xu, J. Gao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1009 KB |
| Title: | The Spatial Distributions of Radiation Emitted from a Sinusoidal Current Filament and a Dipole Antenna |
| Abstract: | While the analytical and numerical tools for determining the basic properties of a variety of antenna types have been long-established, there remains some continuing curiosity about how electromagnetic radiation is launched by such a simple antenna as a dipole. The following article discusses this problem in both the frequency domain and time domain. The sinusoidal current filament (SCF) is investigated first as a prototype of a wire dipole. The length-wise distribution of radiated power for the SCF is obtained from the distributed radiation resistance of Schelkunoff and Feldman, the induced electromotive force (IEMF) method, and the far-field analysis of radiation sources (FARS) developed by the author. The FARS approach is next used to analyze a frequency-domain numerical model of a dipole antenna, producing results similar to those for the SCF for a dipole of near-zero radius. Differentiating the decaying onsurface Poynting vector (PV) produces results comparable to those from FARS to explicitly demonstrate the power loss caused by radiation of the propagating current and charge. The lobed distributed radiated power is shown to be closely correlated with the square of the dipole current, confirming the cause of the radiation to be due to a partially reflected charge as the current and charge form standing waves on the dipole. Application of a time-domain version of FARS yields a smoothed length-wise distribution of radiated energy as opposed to the lobed variation of the frequency domain. |
| Author(s): | E. K. Miller |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1517 KB |
| Title: | 3D Dynamic Ray-tracing Propagation Model with Moving Scatterer Effects |
| Abstract: | Ray-tracing propagation model (RTPM) has been widely used for predicting channel characteristics, whereas the scenarios considered are generally static. The complexity of RTPM is significantly increased due to the rapidly time-varying scenario resulted from moving scatterers. A three-dimensional (3D) dynamic RTPM considering moving scatterer effects is advanced in this paper. First, a simplified dynamic scenario preprocessing method based on the predefined active region and face transformation is proposed. The random movement of multiple scatterers can be enabled without repeated scenario modeling. Second, an efficient dynamic raytracing method based on self-adaptive ray-launching technique is advanced. The computational efficiency of the dynamic RTPM can be significantly improved due to the exclusion of repeated ray-tracing process over time. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the RTPM is verified by comparing the simulation results with the measurements performed in an indoor scenario with pedestrians. |
| Author(s): | G. Liu, T. Wei, C.-H. Cheng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2203 KB |
| Title: | Study on Wide-angle Scanning Characteristics of Hemispherical Array |
| Abstract: | A kind of hemispherical antenna array based on shape conformal is studied in this paper. In order to solve the polarization problem during beam scanning of the array, the method of phase compensation is adopted. The omni-directional scanning of 0º – 360º in azimuth direction and wide-angle scanning of –90º to 90º in elevation direction are realized. The gain of the array at each scanning angle is about 17 dB. To reduce the occlusion effect of array elements on radiation, the effective elements at different scanning angles are selected for thinned array arrangement. The power loss is reduced and the better scanning performance is achieved by using fewer elements. |
| Author(s): | L. Du, J. Zhao, J. Xu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1385 KB |
| Title: | Metasurface Superstrate-based MIMO Patch Antennas with Reduced Mutual Coupling for 5G Communications |
| Abstract: | Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have several advantages, such as providing high capacity, spatial diversity, etc. MIMO antennas suffer with high mutual coupling (m-coupling) between the ports. In this paper, the metasurface with negative permeability (MNG) is designed and utilized for m-coupling reduction of a two-port rectangular microstrip MIMO antenna (Antenna 1). Two metasurface superstrate-based MIMO antennas with reduced m-coupling for fifth generation (5G) are proposed. The first design (Antenna 2) is constructed using a single metasurface superstrate suspended above the two-port MIMO microstrip antenna. The second design (Antenna 3) is constructed using a double metasurface superstrate layers suspended above the two-port MIMO microstrip antenna. Both metasurface-based MIMO antennas achieve significant m-coupling reduction over the entire bandwidth. The edge-to-edge separation between the two patches is 0.29λₒ. The proposed Antenna 3 obtains the reduced m-coupling of –44 dB along with the wide bandwidth of 5.92 – 6.2 GHz and a maximum gain of 6.79 dB. The proposed antennas are suitable for extended sub-6 GHz 5G applications with the operating frequency band of 5.9–6.1 GHz. |
| Author(s): | S. P. Dubazane, P. Kumar, T. J. O. Afullo |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 10427 KB |
| Title: | A Novel Double-layer Low-profile Multiband Frequency Selective Surface for 4G Mobile Communication System |
| Abstract: | A novel double-layer multiband, low-profile frequency selective surface (FSS) for IMT-Advanced (4G) mobile communication system is presented in this article. On aspired to a minimum transmission coefficient of –10 dB for surface materials when the frequency bands targeted for blocking are stopped. For this project, we chose the dielectric substrate FR4 (loss-tangent = 0.02; dielectric constant = 4.54) and a thickness of 1 mm. Dodecagonal rings, upright bars, and square frame make up the FSS unit cell. The desired frequency responses of the FSS were intended to avoid being changed according to the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic waves. The FSS design is proposed as a symmetrical structure to make it polarization-independent and is aimed to stop 800, 900, 1800, 2100, and 2600 MHz frequencies to prevent harmful effects to human health and interference effects at these frequencies. With a cell size of 0.17λ, the planned FSS is quite small and, thus, has a low sensitivity at the angle of the incident wave. In addition, FSS geometry was manufactured by a printed circuit board (PCB) and measured in a non-reflective environment after being studied in Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. By comparing the analysis and measurement results of the design, the success of the FSS to the frequencies to be stopped has been verified. The effect of each patch on different frequencies has been examined by drawing the surface current density graphs of the design. |
| Author(s): | S. Balta, M. Kartal |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4339 KB |
| Title: | Application of the Multi-element Grid in EMC Uncertainty Simulation |
| Abstract: | Uncertainty analysis is a research hotspot in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) simulation. The stochastic collocation method (SCM) is considered particularly suitable for uncertainty analysis in the EMC field because it is characterized by a high level of computational efficiency and accuracy while requiring no replacement solver. However, the post-processing process of the SCM is too complex, which will seriously limit its application in many industrial environments such as real-time simulation analysis. Multi-element grid (MEG) is a novel uncertainty analysis method recently for successful application in another area. It is proved that its calculation accuracy is same as the SCM, and its post-processing process is facile. This paper introduces the MEG to the EMC field and makes a detailed comparison between it and the SCM in performance, aiming to apply uncertainty analysis to solve more practical EMC engineering problems. |
| Author(s): | J. Bai, K. Guo, J. Sun, N. Wang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3430 KB |
| Title: | Modeling the Insertion Loss of Structured Ethernet Cabling Standard using the Scattering Parameters |
| Abstract: | A method of simulating the insertion loss of different channel configurations of structured Ethernet cabling with reference to standard specifications is presented. The method can aid cable engineers in the study of the performance of Ethernet cabling systems during standardization in order to have a view of what to expect in real life. The paper considered the standard category 8 cabling system as a case study. The method presented used the scattering parameters implemented in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) to model the insertion loss of standard category 8 cabling system. The insertion loss simulation results provided good agreements with the standard category 8 cabling system. The method presented will serve as a basis to cable engineers who want to study future structured cabling systems under standardization to aid the design of prototype Ethernet cables. |
| Author(s): | O. Ogundapo, C. Nche |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1217 KB |
| Title: | A Novel Wideband and Multi-band Implantable Antenna Design for Biomedical Telemetry |
| Abstract: | In this work, a novel multi-tracks wideband and multi-band miniaturized antenna design for implanted medical devices biomedical telemetry is proposed. This antenna entirely covers seven frequency bands which are the bands (401–406) MHz of the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (MedRadio), the three bands (433.1–434.8), (868.0–868.6), and (902.8–928.0) MHz of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM), and the three bands (608–614) MHz, and (1.395–1.400) and (1.427–1.432) GHz of theWireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS). The antenna possesses a compact full size of (19.5 × 12.9 × 0.456) mm3. The antenna miniaturization and impedance bandwidth enhancement are achieved using two techniques: the patch slotting and insertion of open-end slots in the ground plane, respectively. Prototype of proposed antenna with multi-tracks has been fabricated and tested in free space. The comparison between the simulated and measured reflection coefficient has been done and found in good agreement with each other. Furthermore, simulations of the proposed antenna implanted in the underneath the scalp in a realistic human model shows a wideband operation from 0.19 to 0.94 GHz, and from 1.38 to 1.54 GHz corresponding to return loss (S11 ≤ –10 dB). Link budget calculation is performed to specify the range of telemetry considering both Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) restrictions and effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) limitations. The designed implantable antenna with full ground plane presents an appropriate reflection coefficient for muscle implantation. Furthermore, the designed implanted muscle antenna may be also suitable for skin implantation. |
| Author(s): | M. Behih, F. Bouttout, T. Fortaki, C. Dumond |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3793 KB |
| Title: | A Compact Planar Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna Design with Increased Isolation for Diversity Applications |
| Abstract: | A compact planar multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with four elements spanning the ultra-wideband (UWB) is proposed for diversity applications. The unit cells are positioned orthogonally to lower the mutual coupling by replicating the single antenna three times. A 35 × 35 × 1.6 mm3 UWB MIMO antenna is provided with a 50-Ω impedance microstrip line on a 1.6-mm thick FR4 substrate. In the radiator and ground plane, some modifications are made to achieve the operating limits of this antenna between the frequencies of 3.1-10.6 GHz, thereby covering the entire frequency spectrum of the UWB with compact size. We conclude from the calculated results that the proposed antenna has high performance characteristics appropriate for UWB wireless indoor communication and diversity applications with compact size. |
| Author(s): | S. Kolangiammal, L. Balaji, G. Vairavel |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 5023 KB |
| Title: | Dynamic Force Calculation and Experimental Verification of Axial Bearings |
| Abstract: | The axial bearing does not contain a laminated piece; so its dynamic performance is poor and often does not meet the load requirements. To accurately assess axial bearing performances during the design stage, it is necessary to accurately calculate the dynamic characteristics of the bearing, including amplitude, phase, and other parameters. Traditional studies have generally used the magnetic circuit method (MCM) or the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the dynamic performance of bearings, and few experimental measurements are carried out. Some experiments use a Guess meter to measure the magnetic field at local locations without directly measuring the electromagnetic force. In this paper, the dynamic force of axial bearing is measured by experiments, and the finite element calculation with Ansys Maxwell is carried out to study the influence of the gap, resonance, and other factors on the electromagnetic force. The comparison reveals a significant error in the calculation method using the initial gap because the gap between the stator and rotor changes with the dynamic force in the experiment. In this paper, the calculation method of “analyzing the dynamic performance of the bearing with the actual gap after the DC component is energized as the calculation gap” is proposed, which significantly reduces the calculation error and can ensure that the calculation error of amplitude and phase within 100 Hz is less than 5%. The method is of great significance for the engineering application of axial electromagnetic bearings. |
| Author(s): | M. Wang, J. Zhao, X. Liu, N. Mo, Z. Shi |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 8284 KB |
| Title: | Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna at Millimeter Wave for 5G Application |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a dual-band slot antenna using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology at 26 and 28 GHz. High loss is one of the main challenges faced by 5G base station network due to the severe path loss at high frequency. Hence, high gain antennas are required for 5G base station applications to overcome path loss issue. Hence, this work designs a high gain SIW antenna based on slot technology to excite dual-bands with high gain capability. The antenna is designed with two slots shaped to resonate at two different frequencies: 26 and 28 GHz. The antenna is analyzed using CST software and fabricated on Roger RT5880 substrate with permittivity of 2.2 and lost tangent of 0.0009 with thickness of 0.508 mm. The design operates at 26 and 28 GHz with measured reflection coefficients less than -10 dB. Measured high gains of 8 and 8.02 dB are obtained at 26 and 28 GHz, respectively. Overall, the antenna showed good performance that would benefit the fifth-generation applications. |
| Author(s): | Y. M. Hussein, M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Murad, H. O. Hanoosh, N. B. M. Nadzir |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2076 KB |
| Title: | Research on EMI of Traction Network Transient Current Pulse on Shielded Cable Terminal Load |
| Abstract: | The transient current pulse (TCP) caused by the traction network short-circuit fault (TNSF) will produce a high-strength transient electromagnetic field (TEMF). The electromagnetic field will interfere with nearby weak current equipment through the shielded cable. In this paper, a transient circuit model (TCM) for the short-circuit traction network is proposed to calculate the transient current. The short circuit is equivalent to a ring, and the TEMF transient electromagnetic field is calculated based on the magnetic dipole. The current response of the TEMF transient electromagnetic field on the shielded cable is deduced based on the transmission line theory and verified by experiments. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) of a TEMF transient electromagnetic field to the shielded cable terminal load were was studied under various incidence angles, azimuth angles, and polarization angles. The results demonstrate that the greater the incident angle and azimuth angle, the greater the EMI on the terminal load. The horizontal distance between the shielded cable head and the shortcircuit point should be greater than 6 m, and the incident angle should be greater than 45º. This method can provide a theoretical basis for the electromagnetic compatibility research of traction power supply systems and their nearby weak current equipment. |
| Author(s): | Y. Xiao, F. Zhu, S. Zhuang, Y. Yang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1927 KB |
| Title: | Analysis of Symmetric Two and Four-coil Magnetic Resonant Coupling Wireless Power Transfer |
| Abstract: | This study examined the efficiency of power transfer for two-coil and four-coil spiral magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (WPT) using distance to coil diameter (D/dm) ratio and reflection coefficient, S21 value. Adding resonators reduced the total resistance in the two-coil WPT system while increasing the S21 values of the whole system. A same-size spiral coil was proposed for the system and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). A prototype with similar specifications for a four-coil design was implemented for verification. The proposed method yielded an optimal efficiency of 76.3% in the four-coil system, while the two-coil WPT yielded a 23.2% efficiency with a 1.33 D/dm ratio. |
| Author(s): | A. Ali, M. N. M. Yasin, A. H. Rambe, I. Adam, N. Ramli, H. A. Rahim, T. Sabapathy, M. N. Norizan, S. A. Sobri |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 4893 KB |
| Title: | Analysis of a Sinusoidal Rotor Segments Axial Flux Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with 120-degree Phase Belt Toroidal Windings |
| Abstract: | Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors are widely applied in many applications due to their performance advantages. A novel AFPM which owns a special winding form (120-degree phase belt toroidal windings) and a distinct rotor structure (sinusoidal rotor segments) is proposed in this paper to further improve the torque density of this kind of machine. First, the structure and working principle of the 120-degree phase belt toroidal windings sinusoidal rotor segments AFPM interior synchronous motor (120D-TWSRSAFPMISM) are clarified. Then, the design formula and crucial parameters of the motor are presented. Subsequently, the cogging torque is optimized by dividing the magnet grouping. Finally, the characteristics of the 120DTWSRSAFPMISM are analyzed and compared with those of the traditional toroidal windings sinusoidal rotor segments AFPMISM (T-TWSRSAFPMISM) and another T-TW motor without the sinusoidal rotor segments (T-TWAFPMISM) by finite element method (FEM). The results show that the 120D-TW can significantly increase the back electromotive force (EMF) compared with the T-TW, and the sinusoidal rotor segments can increase the air-gap flux density compared with the traditional interior rotor. Therefore, the 120D-TW and sinusoidal rotor segments are combined in the AFPM motor. This combination can further increase the torque density compared with the contrast motors. |
| Author(s): | Y. Wang, W. Zhang, R. Nie, J. Si, W. Cao, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 37 Number: 4 Year: 2022 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2425 KB |