ACES Publication Search
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| Title: | ACES Journal September 2021 Cover |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3736 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal September 2021 Front/Back Matter |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 213 KB |
| Title: | ACES Journal September 2021 Full |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 19953 KB |
| Title: | Central-Symmetry Decoupling Technique for Circularly-Polarized MIMO System of Tightly Packed Chinese-character Shaped Patch Antennas |
| Abstract: | This article presents a novel decoupling technique for the circularly polarized multiple-inputmultiple- output (CP-MIMO) system composed of Guoshaped patch antennas. A comparative study has been conducted on antenna performance as a function of packing distance before and after applying the technique. A prototype of two-element Guo-shaped patch MIMO at a small inter-element spacing of 12.5 mm has devised aiming for the 5G new radio n38 (2.57-2.62 GHz) applications. Simulation reinforced with experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed technique, whereas the two Guo-shaped patch elements packed in such small spacing can be operated independently. Both the envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain are approaching their ideal values. |
| Author(s): | K. L. Chung, A. Cui, M. Ma, B. Feng, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1490 KB |
| Title: | Simulating Boundary Fields of Arbitrary-shaped Objects in a Reverberation Chamber |
| Abstract: | In a reverberation chamber, analytical solutions exist in very limited scenarios for the distribution of the boundary fields. For arbitrary-shaped objects, analytical solutions may not exist. To solve this problem, a general numerical method is proposed to obtain the mean field distribution near arbitrary-shaped objects in a random diffused-wave environment. The proposed method combines the full-wave method and the Monte-Carlo method; the numerical results are validated and compared with that from analytical equations. The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary-shaped objects with general material properties. |
| Author(s): | Q. Xu, K. Chen, C. Ren, X. Shen, Y. Huang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1728 KB |
| Title: | Accuracy Comparisons of Channel Emulation Methods for Two-dimensional Uniform and Three-dimensional Sectored Multi-probe Anechoic Chamber |
| Abstract: | Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) over-the- air (OTA) testing has been seen as a promising solution for evaluation of the radio performance of MIMO devices. In this work, we compare the accuracy of two channel emulation methods, i.e., the prefaded signal synthesis (PFS) and the plane wave synthesis (PWS), in two-dimensional (2D) uniform and 3D sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), respectively. The PWS method is proven to be more accurate than the PFS for 2D uniform MPAC system. However, for 3D sectored MPAC system, the PFS method emerged to be better than the PWS method. To explain these seemingly contradicting findings, both the required number of active probes and the leakage of power spectrum are considered in this paper. It is found that the PWS method has higher emulation accuracy than the PFS method when the number of active probes becomes sufficiently large, whereas the PFS is more robust to the undersampling due to the limited number of active probes in practical 3D sectored MPAC system. Moreover, when the number of active probes is particularly small (less than the number of clusters in the probe panel), the emulation accuracy of the PWS method outperform its counterpart. |
| Author(s): | X. Huang, X. Chen, H. Pei, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1442 KB |
| Title: | Influence Analysis of mm-Wave DUT Mounting Fixture in 5G OTA Measurement |
| Abstract: | All of the test cases in the current version of TR 38.810 in 3GPP and CTIA millimeter-Wave (mm- Wave) test plan are limited to the free space configuration. However, the truly free-space condition does not exist for mm-Wave testing of 5G user equipment since no device can float in the air. Mounting fixtures and supporting structures are needed to fix the device under test (DUT) and move it in two axes. The influence of mounting fixture on 5G mm-Wave wireless device performance is analyzed in this paper. First, a common 4×1 patch array at 28 GHz is simulated as the performance baseline. Various mounting fixture thickness & various spacing between the DUT and the mounting fixture are simulated to get a quick understanding of the mounting fixture’s influence on DUT performance. In different configurations, the working frequency of the antenna would have different degrees of deviation, while the gain could decrease or increase accordingly. Then, to explain these phenomena, an equivalent circuit is extracted utilizing the transmission line theory. Finally, according to the findings, it is recommended that the thickness of the mounting structure should be equal to an integer time of 0.5 λg to minimize the impact of the fixture for practical mounting structure design. |
| Author(s): | X. An, M. Qu, S. Zhu, X. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1457 KB |
| Title: | Measurement Uncertainty of Antenna Efficiency Measured Using the Two-Antenna Method in a Reverberation Chamber |
| Abstract: | With decades of development, the reverberation chamber (RC) has been proven to be a popular facility to determine antenna efficiency. One-, two- and three- antenna methods have been proposed to measure antenna efficiency without the need of a reference antenna. Due to the stochastic nature of RCbased measurements, the statistical analysis of the uncertainty is indispensable. Recently, the statistical uncertainty models for the one- and three-antenna methods were derived, however, the statistical model for the two-antenna method is still unknown to date. In this paper, the statistical uncertainty model of the twoantenna method is proposed. The approximated relative uncertainty is also given. The derived statistical uncertainty is verified by both simulations and measurements. It is experimentally verified that the statistical model can cope with hybrid stirring and assess the measurement uncertainty with and without frequency stirring in an efficient and convenient way. |
| Author(s): | W. Xue, Y. Ren, X. Chen, Z. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Huang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1735 KB |
| Title: | Compact Octa-band Bandpass Filter based on Controllable Transmission Zeros with Wide Upper Stopband |
| Abstract: | A novel synthesis method is proposed to design multi-band bandpass filters (BPFs) using an L-C ladder prototype lowpass filter loaded with two symmetric shorted stubs. The transmission zeros (TZs) are produced by the shorted stubs, which are used to realize multiple passbands. By controlling the number of the open stubs loaded on the shorted stub, the number of TZs is exactly determined. Therefore, multi-band BPF is easy to be obtained by increasing the number of the open stubs. The TZs can be adjusted by optimizing the L-C values of the equivalent circuit of the proposed filter to tune the center frequencies of each passband independently. The proposed BPF also has wide upper stopband. For demonstration, an octa-band BPF is designed and manufactured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones. |
| Author(s): | Q. Yang, S. Liu, K.-D. Xu, A. Zhang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1401 KB |
| Title: | A Low-Profile Hybrid-Fed Dual-Polarized Antenna with High Isolation and High Cross-Polar Discrimination |
| Abstract: | This work presents a wideband hybrid-fed ±45º linear dual-polarized patch antenna design for sub- 6 GHz 5G base stations. Two polarizations are created by a slot-coupling with rectangular H-slot (+45) and a capacitive coupling with modified L-probe (−45). Antenna exhibits wideband −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 40.7% and 35.6% for slot-fed and probe-fed ports, respectively. Due to the special design of suspended stacked patches with hybrid-fed excitations, high port isolation (< −47 dB) and high cross-polar discrimination (> 38 dB) are achieved. Symmetric and directional radiation patterns with stable gain are obtained in E and H planes for each polarization. Compared to its bandwidth, antenna is low-profile (10.6 mm) with front-to-back ratio greater than 22 dB. Simulations and experimental results are reported and discussed. |
| Author(s): | M. Ciydem, E. A. Miran |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1994 KB |
| Title: | Dictionary Learning and Waveform Design for Dense False Target Jamming Suppression |
| Abstract: | For linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulse radars, dense false targets generated by new system jamming seriously damage the performance of such radar systems. In order to avoid the influence of dense false target jamming, an anti-jamming strategy combining waveform design and sparse decomposition are proposed. Specifically, the radar system transmits a random pulse initial phase (RPIP) signal, and uses peak detection method to detect the deception jamming. The phase distribution of the RPIP signal is partially randomly perturbed for a jamming, and we use optimization algorithm to design a phase perturbed LFM (PPLFM) signal with good autocorrelation characteristics. Using the correlation function of the designed signal, the target sample set and the jamming sample set are constructed, and the target echo and the jamming signal are separated using designed dictionary learning method to achieve suppression of dense false target jamming and range side-lobes. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation, and the results proved that this proposed method maintains good anti-jamming performance under low signal-tonoise ratio (SNR). |
| Author(s): | T. Jiang, L. Yu, J. Xing, Y. Xia, Z. Du, Y. Li, G. Zhi, Y. Zhao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1702 KB |
| Title: | A New Mode Stirrer Design for the Reverberation Chamber |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a mode stirrer composed of random positioned metal plates is proposed for reverberation chamber. The designing procedure of the mode stirrer is presented. The designed stirrer is compared with the common Z-shaped stirrer in both simulation and measurement. It is shown that in general the proposed stirrer outperforms the common Z-shaped stirrer with the same sweeping volume. Nevertheless, the measurement results show that the performance improvement of the designed stirrer becomes insignificant at higher frequencies with additional platform stirring. Albeit the difference, the stirring improvement of the designed stirrer is clearly demonstrated at low frequencies, which is more important due to the inherent low mode density at low frequency. |
| Author(s): | J. Tang, F. Li, J. Zheng, X. Chen, Y. Li, J. Chen |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1485 KB |
| Title: | Design of an Array-based Plane Wave Generator for Compact Field Antenna Testing |
| Abstract: | A near-field planar array of wideband dual polarized antennas for plane-wave synthesis has been investigated. The paper presents a PWG with a concentric ring array of 84 Vivaldi antennas which can work at 0.6GHz-3GHz. The constraint least square (CLS) algorithm is used to optimize the weight coefficients of the array elements, which effectively reduce the influence of system uncertainty on quiet zone (QZ) ripple. To reduce the system cost and complexity, the array elements in each concentric ring form a sub-array and the elements of the same sub-array adopt a passive beam forming network. The simulation and initial test results of a circular QZ with a diameter of 600 mm are given. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our design. |
| Author(s): | F. Peng, X. Chen, F. Li, X. Liu, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 3816 KB |
| Title: | A Compact Multi-Probe Reverberation Chamber for Over-the-Air Testing |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a compact multi-probe reverberation chamber (RC) is proposed for over-the-air (OTA) testing. 16 probe antennas are used to reduce the measurement time. Typical parameters of the RC, such as field uniformity (FU), quality factor (Q factor), and independent samples are given. Total radiated power (TRP) and pattern correlation measurements have been performed to validate the RC system. |
| Author(s): | W. Qi, F. Fang, W. Xia, Y. Zhao, L. Xing, Q. Xu |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1866 KB |
| Title: | A Broadband Dual-polarized Antenna for 2G/3G/4G/5G Base Station Applications |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a novel broadband base station antenna element covering 2G/3G/4G/5G bands. The proposed antenna consists of a dual-dipole radiator and an open-box shaped reflector. The main radiating portion of each dipole arm is designed with a dualhexagon shape to improve bandwidth. Four small hexagonal-shaped parasitic patches are adopted to further decrease the reflection coefficient. Dual polarization is excited by placing two dipoles orthogonally. The openbox shaped reflector derives from a planar metal plate with four inverted L-shaped edges which are arranged below the radiator to enhance the antenna gain and reduce the half power bandwidth (HPBW) in 3.3-3.8 GHz. The prototype has been fabricated and measured with bandwidth of 1.68-3.8 GHz, coupling below -20 dB, stable HPBW with 65°± 5° and average gain of 8.5 dBi. The values of the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) are better than 20 dB at the boresight and 10 dB within ±60° directions. The proposed antenna has a small overall size of 145×145×35.6 mm3. |
| Author(s): | Y.-L. Chen, Y.-Z. Sui, Z.-Q. Yang, X.-Y. Qu, W.-H. Zong |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2066 KB |
| Title: | A Dual Band AMC Backed Antenna for WLAN, WiMAX and 5G Wireless Applications |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a multiband low profile antenna aimed for its application in existing WLAN, WiMAX and sub-6 GHz fifth generation (5G) frequency bands. The design incorporates a simple planar monopole antenna with slots etched on it to be able to operate in two frequency bands with (S11< -10 dB) ranging from 2.38 - 2.7 GHz and 3.28 - 5.8 GHz with percentage impedance bandwidths of 16 and 56. The peak gains of the antenna within the bands were observed to be 2.1 and 4.3 dBi respectively. In order to further enhance the Gain and improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna, a dual band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface is designed and employed as a reflector at the ground side of the main radiator. The antenna and AMC 4x4 array prototypes are fabricated and its performance is measured. It is observed that there is an enhancement in the gain of 5 dB in the first band and 2.8 dB in the second band of operation. |
| Author(s): | J. Ashish, A. P. Rao |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1713 KB |
| Title: | Single-cut Far-Field Antenna Radiation Pattern Reconstruction Accuracy Analysis in Compact Anechoic Chamber Setup |
| Abstract: | In production testing, it is of importance to measure the key radiation parameters of an antenna under test (AUT), e.g., main beam peak and direction, sidelobes, and null depth and direction in a cost-effective setup with a short measurement time. As a result, practical measurement setups are often compact and equipped with only a few probes (or probe locations). However, these system limitations would introduce errors for antenna testing. This problem has become even more pronounced for 5G radios due to utilization of large-scale antenna configurations and high frequency bands. Spherical near-field measurements are nowadays an accurate and mature technique for characterizing AUTs, which however, necessitates a full spherical acquisition, leading to a long measurement time. Singlecut near-to-far-field transformation is a promising strategy since most of the key AUT parameters are available in the single-cut pattern and it requires much reduced measurement time. In this work, a simple and flexible scheme is proposed to evaluate errors introduced by limitations in practical setups for single-cut far-field (FF) antenna radiation pattern reconstruction, where the near-field data can be easily generated and modified according to the limitations introduced in practical multi-probe anechoic chamber setups, e.g., measurement distance, truncation range, and sampling interval. The reconstructed FF pattern is obtained using a commercial near-field to far-field transformation tool, SNIFT. The proposed scheme is numerically validated via comparing the reference FF pattern of a 4 × 8 uniform planar array composed of ideal Hertzian dipoles and reconstructed FF pattern. With the proposed scheme, the impact of practical system limitations on single-cut reconstruction accuracy can be easily analyzed. |
| Author(s): | O. K. Jensen, Y. Ji, F. Zhang, W. Fan |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2662 KB |
| Title: | Accurate Far-Field Measurement of Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antennas |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a new approach to the accurate determination of the far-field (FF) pattern of wide-angle scanning phased array antennas (PAAs) that uses planar near-field (NF) technology. When PAAs are engaged in wide-angle scanning, a finite scanning plane and inaccurate probe compensation can lead to truncation errors. The proposed approach reduces these by rotating the PAA to make its main beam perpendicular to the scanning plane. To verify the effectiveness of the approach, both theoretical calculations and actual measurements were undertaken. The simulated and measured results prove that the proposed method is more accurate than traditional NF technology for a large PAA scanning angle, such as ψ0=50° and Δ0=50° (in simulation; 54° when measured). |
| Author(s): | H. Tang, X. Zheng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1297 KB |
| Title: | A Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Antenna with High Isolation and High Front-to-Back Ratio for 5G Base Stations |
| Abstract: | A dual-polarized, broadband, slot-coupled patch antenna design is presented for sub-6 GHz 5G base stations. Proposed antenna is made up of two suspended stacked patches above feedline layer and is excited by crossed elliptic-H slots for ±45º slant, linear dual polarized operation. Prototyped antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 22.1% (3.14 - 3.92 GHz) for |S11|, |S22| < −15 dB and port isolation |S21| is also obtained to be < −28 dB in this band. Antenna exhibits directional radiation patterns with half power beamwidths of 57º - 65º and 60º - 64º in elevation and azimuth planes, respectively with varying gain of 8.6 - 9.1 dBi. Proposed antenna is also low profile (11.1 mm) with high front-toback ratio (> 27 dB) without reflector. Design details, numerical studies, and measurement results are presented. |
| Author(s): | M. Ciydem |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1925 KB |
| Title: | A Novel Multidirectional Strain Sensor Realized by a 3D Microstrip-Line Fed Near-Circular Patch Antenna |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we propose a newly developed impedance method to gauge the variations of multidirectional strain using a near-circular-patch based sensor. A novel three-dimensional (3D) feeding mechanism realized by a 90-deg bended microstrip line is devised for allowing strain detection along any direction in the azimuth plane of a metallic surface. The simulated results, verified by experimental results, demonstrate that there is a linear relationship between normalized impedance and multi-directional strain with high sensitivities of about 100 ppm/με. The relationship between sensitivity and sensor orientation is derived as a cosine function, which is a useful feature for estimating principal strain direction. |
| Author(s): | L. Wang, K. L. Chung, S. Gao, M. Ma, J. Luo, Y. Li |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1773 KB |
| Title: | Design and Analysis of High Gain Dual-polarized Dipole Antenna Based on Partially Reflective Metasurface |
| Abstract: | A partially reflective metasurface (PRMS) structure is proposed for dual-polarized dipole antenna with a high gain and wide broadband. Stable radiation patterns are realized by using quadrilateral bottom reflector. The phase bandwidth of PRMS structure reflection presented in this paper matches well with the antenna operating bandwidth. The gain of the dualpolarized antenna is improved to 10.2dBi at 1.8GHz by adjusting the size and height of PRMS structure. Meanwhile, the bandwidth is expanded (61.2%). Measured result demonstrates that the antenna has a stable beamwidth which is desirable in base station applications. Furthermore, the designed antenna can be used for communication in complex environment because of its excellent performance. |
| Author(s): | C. Li, Z. Sun, Z. Jin, T. Liu, L. F. Chernjgor, Y. Zheng |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 2080 KB |
| Title: | Compact Wideband Dual-Band SIW Bandpass Filters |
| Abstract: | A novel method to design compact wideband dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters (BPF) is proposed in this paper. By loading a novel beeline compact microstrip resonant cells (BCMRCs) with band-gap characteristics on top layer of SIW, two wide passbands separated by a stopband are generated. In order to enable the filter to have lower reflection coefficients in the two passbands, we use a tapered gradient line embedded with rectangular slots and loaded open stubs as the transition structure from microstrip line to SIW. The wideband dual-band BPF (DBBPF) is fabricated. The lower-band and upper-band fractional 3-dB bandwidths are 58.2% and 22.6%, while the measured minimum insertion losses (ILs) are 0.7 and 0.92 dB, respectively. The stepped-impedance openloop ring resonator (SIOLRR) is introduced in order to improve the selectivity of the filter. The wideband DBBPF with SIOLRR is studied, simulated and measured. Two transmission zeros are generated in the stop band between the two passbands. Good agreement between simulated and measured results can be obtained. |
| Author(s): | Y. Jiang, L. Huang, Z. Huang, Y. Ye, B. Liu, W. Yuan, N. Yuan |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1556 KB |
| Title: | Broadband Multimode Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Base Station Applications |
| Abstract: | In this paper, a novel dual-polarized multimode antenna is presented for sub-6 GHz base station applications. Two pairs of slotted patches act as the main radiator to excite two modes, and they are coupled with each other to bring the resonant frequency of the two modes together. Two baluns are orthogonally placed between the main radiator and the ground plane for impedance transforming and introducing a new mode at the lower frequency. The ends of the slotted patches are connected with a reversed T-shaped dipole to optimize the current path and introducing a new mode at the higher frequency. Measured results show that the prototype antenna can achieve a 15-dB impedance bandwidth of 2.30 ~ 3.96 GHz (53.1%) and an average gain of 9.67 ± 0.33 dBi in the operating band. The isolation is greater than 28.0 dB with a half-power beamwidth of around 64° among the operating frequency band. The proposed antenna can be a promising candidate for the fifthgeneration communication in the sub-6 GHz band. |
| Author(s): | W. Lin, K. Rong, Q. He, Z. Chen, B. Huang, J. Zhang |
| File Type: | Journal Paper |
| Issue: | Volume: 36 Number: 9 Year: 2021 |
| Download Link: | Click here to download PDF File Size: 1673 KB |